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GIA
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From French: Group Islamique armé. The most active militant Islamist group in Algeria, responsible for a majority of the actions performed in second half of the 1990's.
http://lexicorient.com/e.o/gia.htm
Gnosticism
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A Middle Eastern religious and philosophical orientation that grew strong in the 1st century CE, exercising strong influence on Judaism and Christianity and at times representing a strong and competing theology.
http://lexicorient.com/e.o/gnostici.htm